What are ISBN numbers? Do I need one?

What the hell is an ISBN number? Thats what I was thinking when I first heard them mentioned when publishing. This article will hopefully help shed some light on what they are, where to get them, or if you even need one.

ISBN Numbers....... What the F.

What Is an ISBN?

An International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique identifier assigned to books for tracking and distribution purposes. It consists of 13 digits (previously 10 digits before 2007) and helps bookstores, libraries, and online retailers categorize and locate books efficiently.

Or in another way, its the unique identifier for your book, with pen names and book names having the possibility of matching it is beneficial to track the book you want with a unique identifier rather than a name that may be assigned to numerous books.

Each ISBN is unique to a specific edition and format of a book. For example, a paperback version and an ebook version of the same book require separate ISBNs.

How Do ISBNs Work?

The ISBN system is used globally to manage book distribution. The number itself is divided into segments that indicate different aspects of the book, such as the publisher and edition.

When a book has an ISBN, it is easier for retailers and libraries to catalog and track it in their systems.

When you purchase an ISBN, it is registered under your name or your publishing entity. This establishes you as the book’s publisher and gives you full control over its metadata in book industry databases.

Do You Need an ISBN?

Not all books require an ISBN, but if you plan to sell your book widely, especially in bookstores or libraries, you should have one. Here’s when you do and don’t need an ISBN:

When You Need an ISBN:

Print books: If you plan to sell in bookstores, libraries, or through distribution platforms like IngramSpark or Barnes & Noble.
Multiple formats: Each format (paperback, hardcover, audiobook) requires its own unique ISBN.
Expanded distribution: If you want your book to be available in catalogs used by retailers and libraries.

When You Don’t Need an ISBN:

Amazon Kindle ebooks: Amazon assigns an ASIN (Amazon Standard Identification Number) instead.
Self-distribution: If you only sell through your own website or in non-traditional ways (PDF downloads, etc.).

Free ISBNs vs. Purchasing Your Own

If you publish through Amazon KDP, IngramSpark, or other platforms, they often provide a free ISBN. However, there are advantages and disadvantages to using them.

Pros of Using a Free ISBN:

No cost: Saves money, which can be useful for new authors.
Quick and easy: The platform handles registration for you.

Cons of Using a Free ISBN:

Limited publisher control: The book will be listed under the platform’s name as the publisher, not yours.
Restricted distribution: Some retailers (such as bookstores) may not accept books with an ISBN from Amazon KDP.
Not transferable: You cannot reuse or move the ISBN if you republish the book elsewhere.

Where to Buy an ISBN

If you choose to purchase your own ISBN, you can do so through official agencies:

United States: Bowker (https://www.myidentifiers.com/)
United Kingdom: Nielsen (https://www.nielsenisbnstore.com/)
Canada: Library and Archives Canada ( Create an ISBN Canada account - Library and Archives Canada free for Canadian authors)
Australia: Thorpe-Bowker (https://www.myidentifiers.com.au/)

Cost of an ISBN

Prices vary depending on the country and how many ISBNs you purchase at once. For example, in the U.S., one ISBN costs around $125, but a pack of 10 ISBNs costs $295, which is more economical if you plan to publish multiple books. Personally, I opted for 10, thinking if I released 5 books, hardback and paperback, that's the ten used.

How to Assign an ISBN to Your Book

Purchase an ISBN (if not using a free one).
Assign it to a specific format (each format needs a different ISBN).
Enter it during the publishing process on platforms like KDP, IngramSpark, or Draft2Digital.
Register it with metadata (title, author, format, description) in the ISBN database (Bowker, Nielsen, etc.).

Final Thoughts

Choosing between a free ISBN and buying your own depends on your publishing goals. If you plan to sell exclusively on Amazon, a free ISBN might suffice. However, if you want full control over your book’s publishing rights and distribution, purchasing your own ISBN is the better choice.

Understanding ISBNs is an essential step in self-publishing, ensuring your book is professionally cataloged and widely accessible. By making an informed decision, you can set your book up for greater success in the publishing world.

If you found this guide helpful or there is anything I have missed or not answered, please let me know!

edgarjwilde@gmail.com